定语从句考点总结

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定语从句考点总结

　　总结是把一定阶段内的有关情况分析研究，做出有指导性结论的书面材料，它可以帮助我们有寻找学习和工作中的规律，因此好好准备一份总结吧。我们该怎么写总结呢？下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句考点总结，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

定语从句考点总结

　　定语从句考点总结 1

　　定语从句考点总结

　　定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

　　被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

　　关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

　　关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

　　定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　(who/that在从句中作主语)

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

　　2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).

　　例如：

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

　　3) which, that 它们所代替的'先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等.

　　例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

　　(which / that在句中作宾语)

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

　　(which / that在句中作宾语)

　　关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

　　不用that的情况：

　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　b) 介词后不能用

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　c) 多用who 的情况

　　①关系代词在从句中做主语

　　A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

　　②先行词为those, people 时

　　Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

　　③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

　　One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.

　　④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

　　⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

　　⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

　　The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

　　There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

　　只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

　　a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.

　　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

　　b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

　　He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

　　c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

　　The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

　　d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

　　e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

　　f)关系代词在从句中做表语

　　He is not the man that he used to be.

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

　　例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

　　Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

　　注意：

　　①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。

　　如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

　　②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。

　　Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

　　名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句

　　She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

　　There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

　　There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

　　as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别

　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　　as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。

　　As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

　　用法区别：

　　(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

　　As we all know, he never smokes.

　　(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

　　(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。

　　She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

　　(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。

　　I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

　　We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

　　定语从句考点总结 2

　　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

　　关系副词有：when, where, why等。

　　关系代词引导的`定语从句

　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　　1）who, whom, that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　2） Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　定语从句考点总结 3

　　修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词；定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词&关系副词）；定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（前有逗号隔开）

　　引导定语从句的关系代词有：that which who whom whose as

　　关系副词有：when where why：

　　1. that 与which 在指代物时的用法区别

　　that 和which都可以引导先行词为物的`定语从句，但是用法有区别：

　　① 只能用that的五种情况

　　a. 先行词为不定代词或先行词由不定代词修饰时

　　b. 先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时

　　c. 先行词即有人又有物时

　　d. 先行词前有the very, the only修饰时

　　e. 主句为which,或who 引导的特殊疑问句时

　　② 只能用which的两种情况

　　a. 非限定性定语从句中

　　b. 介词之后引导定语从句时

　　2．which与as的区别

　　as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，三种情况下只能用as，不能用which

　　a. as置于句首引导定语从句时（As we know,…）

　　b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected）

　　c. 先行词前有such, the same 修饰时（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.）

　　3. who、whom、that 的区别

　　a.先行词为those或people 时，常用关系代词who,不用that

　　b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句

　　4. whose 用法

　　whose+n. 引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点，此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是of which +the+n.

　　e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.

　　whose hands / of which the hands

　　5. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法

　　a. 介词之后的关系代词只能用which（先行词为物）或者是whom（先行词为人）

　　b. 介词的选择方法有三个原则：一“先”二“动”三“意义”

　　I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)

　　This is the house in which he lives. (定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)

　　The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根据句意决定)

　　6. 先行词为way时

　　先行词为way，在定语从句中作状语时，用that，in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。

　　e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.

　　7. 关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法

　　① 先行词表示时间、地点、原因时，在定语从句中作状语，选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句：

　　when my brother was a little boy.

　　b. I still remember the time

　　that/which we spent together.

　　why he was late.

　　c. This is the reason

　　that/which he gave us.

　　②某些非地点时间名词有定语从句修饰，关系词在从句中作状语，由where引导定语从句（stage, case, point, situation）；同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。

　　e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.

　　There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.

　　8. 定语从句中的谓语动词

　　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

　　e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.

　　Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.

　　This is one of the students who have passed the exam.

　　This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

　　9. 区分定语从句和其他句型

　　①区别于简单句和并列句

　　It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.

　　(定语从句修饰先行词the classroom)

　　(强调句型，强调部分为介词短句in the classroom)

　　③区别于同位语从句

　　that she had passed the exam （同位语从句：对名词解释说明）

　　The news excited us.

　　that he told us （定语从句：对名词修饰限定）

　　④区别于状语从句

　　Do you know the time when the class is over? (定语从句，有先行词)

　　Let’s play games when the class is over.（时间状语从句，无先行词）

　　Put the book where it belongs. (地点状语从句，无先行词)

　　10. 定语从句中关系词的省略

　　定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略，介词之后的关系代词不可省略。

　　This is the house which he lives in. (√)

　　This is the house he lives in. (√)

　　This is the house in which he lives. (√)

　　This is the house in he lives. (×)

　　定语从句考点总结 4

　　一、省去作主语的关系代词致错

　　误：The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.

　　正：The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.

　　误：Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.

　　正：Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.

　　分析：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省，但作主语时不能省。

　　二、从句中使用多余的代词或副词致错

　　误：The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.

　　正：The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.

　　分析：从句中省去了作宾语的关系代词that或which，应去掉them。

　　误：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there.

　　正：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.

　　分析：关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，使用there属语义重复，应去掉。

　　三、as / it / which混用致错

　　误：As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.

　　正：It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.或As is known to all，smoking does great harm to health.

　　分析：as引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首时，要用逗号与主句隔开;it放在句首，作形式主语时，将从句后置，中间不用逗号。

　　误：Tom drinks a lot every day，as his wife doesn’t like at all.

　　正：Tom drinks a lot every day，which his wife doesn’t like at all.

　　分析：as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句后，也可放在主句前和主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。当主句与从句语义一致时，通常用as，反之则用which。

　　四、从句中误用人称代词或物主代词致错

　　误：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of them is Taiwan.

　　正：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.或China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of them is Taiwan.

　　分析：人称代词只能用在独立的单句或分句中，不能用在定语从句中。

　　误：The boss in her department Ms King worked looked down upon women.

　　正：The boss in whose department Ms King worked looked down upon women.

　　分析：物主代词不能在定语从句中作定语，定语从句中用whose作定语，修饰department。

　　五、关系代词与关系副词混用致错

　　误：I live in Hong Kong，where is the Special Administrative Zone.

　　正：I live in Hong Kong，which is the Special Administrative Zone.

　　误：Is this museum the one when some German friends visited the other day?

　　正：Is this museum the one that some German friends visited the other day?

　　分析：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中作状语。

　　六、用 ing结构替换定语从句致错

　　误：The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain village.

　　正：The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village.

　　误：The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.

　　正：The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.

　　分析：当定语从句的谓语动词表示经常性或习惯性的动作或定语从句谓语动词的.动作先于主句谓语动词的动作时，不宜用v.?鄄ing替换定语从句。

　　七、that与which混用致错

　　误：The weather turned out to be very good，that was more than we expected.

　　正：The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we expected.

　　误：The stories about the Second World War were written，of that this is one example.

　　正：The stories about the Second World War were written，of which this is one example.

　　分析：that和which使用情况有别，不可混淆。在非限制性定语从句中及介词后要使用which。下列情况须用that：1.先行词为something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等;2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰;3.先行词被all/the/very/the only等修饰;4.先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　八、谓语动词的人称和数与先行词不一致致错

　　误：I，who is your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.

　　正：I，who am your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.

　　分析：定语从句谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。

　　误：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that don’t need repairing.

　　正：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that doesn’t need repairing.

　　分析：one前有the only修饰，因此one为先行词，从句谓语动词用单数does’t need。

　　九、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分不清致错

　　误：Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.

　　正：Abraham Lincoln，who led the American people through these years，was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.

　　分析：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定的作用，非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明。当先行词为专有名词或表示“唯一”事物时，要用非限制性定语从句。

　　十、固定搭配不当致错

　　误：The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn’t expected.

　　正：The house was sold at such a low price as people hadn’t expected.

　　分析：先行词前若有such/the same/as/so等词修饰时，从句须用as引导。先行词前若有形容词比较级修饰时，从句一般用that引导。

　　定语从句考点总结 5

　　考点：

　　定语从句的引导词，包括关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose。可以在定语从句中充当主语，宾语和表语成分，whose则充当定语。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that;代物的有：that，which，whose。另外还有关系副词，包括when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。要注意的是，选择关系副词还是关系代词要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分。

　　限制性定从和非限制性定从，限制性定从修饰某个名词或者名词短语或者代词，与先行词之间不用，隔开。但是非限制性定从不仅可以修饰某个名词，还可以修饰整个句子，与先行词之间常用，隔开。而且非限制性定从不能用that引导。

　　as引导的非限定从和which引导的区别也是考点之一，which不能放在句首，但是as既可以放在句首，也可以放在中间的`。which引导的非限定从常翻译成“这”，as引导的则常翻译成“正如”

　　还有就是只能用that作为关系代词的情况，这个情况挺多的，比如先行词被only，very,序数词或者形容词最高级(等等，情况较多，需要平时多积累总结)修饰时。

　　另外，介词+关系代词中考查介词的选择，应该按照短语的习惯性搭配和先行词来。

　　比如，Who is the girl with whom you just shook_hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)

　　而当关系代词作为动词+介词短语的宾语时，短语不能拆开。

　　比如， He is a kind of man whom you can safelydepend_on.

　　定语从句误区提醒：

　　1)当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。

　　典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

　　A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

　　答案：A

　　解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

　　2)当主语为物时，不能用what

　　3)there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。

　　4)当主句中缺少主语或表语时，用the one。

　　5)当出现先行词+介词时，关系词只能用whom或which

　　6)当出现先行词+介词时，注意判断介词与从句谓语是否有关系，以确定为定语从句

　　定语从句考点总结 6

　　I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

　　关系词先行词从句成分

　　例句

　　关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom， which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that

　　whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

　　The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

　　whose人或物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.

　　The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

　　that人或物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

　　which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

　　The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

　　as人或物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

　　This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略

　　关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which

　　where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which

　　why原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which

　　II. that与which， who， whom的用法区别情况用法说明

　　例句

　　只用that的情况1.先行词为all， everything， anything， nothing， little， much，等不定代词时

　　2.先行词被all， any， every， each， much， little， no， some， few等修饰时

　　3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

　　4.先行词既指人又指物时

　　5.先行词被the only， the very修饰时

　　6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.

　　2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

　　3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

　　4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

　　5.He is the only man that I want to see.

　　6.Who is the man that is making a speech？

　　只用which， who， whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

　　2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

　　3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those， one， he时多用who。

　　1.He has a son， who has gone abroad for further study.

　　2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

　　3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

　　III. as、which和that的区别

　　从句区别

　　限制性

　　定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.

　　Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

　　非限制性

　　定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game， as we had expected.

　　They won the game， which we hadn’t expected.

　　As is well known， he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

　　the same... as和

　　the same ...thatthe same... as指同类事物

　　the same ...that 指原物That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具，不是同一把)

　　That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。

　　注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that， in which 引导或不用引导词。

　　IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别

　　类别区别

　　定语从句与并列句：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer.

　　②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer.

　　从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；

　　②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。

　　定语从句与状语从句：定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.

　　这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句，先行词为the place)

　　Let’s go where we can find a better job.

　　我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)

　　定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over？你知道下课的`时间吗？(定语从句)

　　It was already five o’clock when the class was over.

　　=When the class was over， it was already five o’clock.

　　当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)

　　When， where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.

　　这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)

　　Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。(状语从句)

　　定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。

　　(as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句)

　　It is such an interesting book that we all like it.

　　它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。

　　(that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句)

　　定语从句与同位语从句：定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与先行词之间是同位关系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.

　　她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)

　　此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam

　　可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam.

　　The news that he told us interested all of us.

　　他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)

　　The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us.

　　定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport.

　　②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works.

　　从结构上看：

　　①小题是强调句，故填 that。

　　②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。

　　定语从句考点总结 7

　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

　　关系副词有：when, where, why等。

　　关系代词引导的.定语从句

　　1）who, whom, that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　2） Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　定语从句考点总结 8

　　（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

　　1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as

　　2、关系副词：when, where, why

　　关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分，高考语法复习四：定语从句。

　　e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）

　　The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）

　　3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：

　　1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；

　　2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；

　　3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；

　　4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；

　　5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

　　（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

　　e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

　　2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

　　e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

　　（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

　　1、that与which的区别。

　　1）用that而不用 which的情况：

　　①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；

　　②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；

　　③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；

　　④先行词既有人又有物时。

　　e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

　　The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

　　This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

　　Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

　　2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。

　　e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

　　This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的.房子。

　　3）as引导定语从句时的用法

　　①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

　　e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

　　Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

　　②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

　　e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

　　3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

　　①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

　　e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

　　He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

　　②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

　　e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.

　　2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

　　e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

　　The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

　　3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

　　e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.

　　4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用"介词 + which"来代替，英语语法《高考语法复习四：定语从句》。

　　e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.

　　5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

　　e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

　　6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

　　e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

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